Offshore Wind Farm-Grid Integration: A Review on Infrastructure, Challenges, and Grid Solutions

Recently, the penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into electrical power systems is witnessing a large attention due to their inexhaustibility, environmental benefits, storage capabilities, lower maintenance and stronger economy, etc. Among these RESs, offshore wind plants (OWPP) are ones most widespread that have emerged with regard being competitive other technologies. However, application electronic converters (PECs), transmission lines substation transformers result in considerable quality (PQ) issues grid connected OWPP. Moreover, installation filters for each OWPP, some challenges such as voltage frequency stability arise. In this regard, various customs devices along integration control methodologies been implemented deal stated issues. Furthermore, smooth reliable operation system, country established codes. Although mitigation schemes related standards OWPP documented separately, comprehensive review covering aspects has not yet addressed literature. The objective study compare relate prior well latest developments on PQ solutions. Low ride through (LVRT) associated codes prevalent interconnection based deliberated. addition, options FACTS filters, DFIG adaptive conventional algorithms, ESS methods LVRT requirements summarized compared. Finally, recommendations future trends improvement highlighted at end.